Lead Sponsor

AtriCure, Inc.

Age

18 - No limit years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•1. Age \> 18 years
•2. Patients with symptomatic (e.g. palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue) persistent or longstanding persistent AF Persistent
•3. Patient is willing and able to provide written informed consent.
•4. Patient has a life expectancy of at least 2 years.
•5. Patient is willing and able to attend the scheduled follow-up visits.

•1. Prior Cardiothoracic Surgery.
•2. Patient has NYHA Class IV heart failure.
•3. Evidence of underlying structural heart disease requiring surgical treatment.
•4. Ejection fraction \< 30%
•5. Measured left atrial diameter \> 6.0 cm
•6. Renal Failure
•7. Stroke within previous 6 months.
•8. Known carotid artery stenosis greater than 80%.
•9. Evidence of significant active infection or endocarditis.
•10. Pregnant woman or women desiring to become pregnant in the next 24 months.
•11. Presence of thrombus in the left atrium determined by echocardiography.
•12. History of blood dyscrasia.
•13. Contraindication to anticoagulation, based on Investigator's opinion.
•14. Mural thrombus or tumor.
•15. Moderate to Severe COPD