Relationship of Urine Sodium Excretion to Central Blood Pressure and Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity

Measurements: should be performed for 2 days 1. 24 hour urine Na, K and Creatinine, 24 hour urine amount 1. Calculation of urine completeness index : Cr/(21 x Bwt) 2. Definition of complete urine collection: complete index ≥ 0.7 and loss not more than one time and 100 mL 2. Peripheral blood pressure (pBP) 1. Microlife WatchBP Office 2. Sitting position 3. After 5 minutes resting 4. Peripheral systolic BP (pSBP), Peripheral diastolic BP (pDBP), 3. Central aortic blood pressure 1. SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical, Australia) 2. Central systolic blood pressure 3. Difference between peripheral SBP and central SBP (SBPp-c) 4. Pulse wave velocity 1. VP2000 (Colin, Japan) 2. Central pulse wave velocity: carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity 3. Measure by tape 4. distance from suprasternal notch to carotid artery 5. distance from suprasternal notch to femoral artery 6. Silent environment 5. Blood chemistry and complete blood count 1. Measure at the morning of second day after overnight fasting 2. complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen/Creatinine, fasting blood glucose, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, High density lipoprotein cholesterol 6. 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement Measurement protocol 1. 1st day 1. Visit hospital before 9:00 AM after overnight fasting 2. start 24 hour urine collection from 9:00 AM (with education for complete collection) 3. start 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, in parallel with 24 hour urine collection 2. 2nd day 1. Measure central aortic blood pressure 2. Measure blood Lab 3. Measure Pulse Wave Velocity Analysis of Salt sensitive gene polymorphism 1. Single Base Extension technology(SBE) 2. single nucleotide polymorphism rs2398162 and other salt sensitive hypertension related single nucleotide polymorphism