Does Bone Structure Explain the Increased Fracture Risk in Type II Diabetes Patients? A Pilot Study

Exclusion Criteria

• •Severe neuropathic disease such as neurogenic osteoarthropathies (i.e., Charcot joints) of the foot
• •Steroid users or have disease conditions that could play a significant role in the development of osteoporosis such as idiopathic osteoporosis, immobilization, hyperparathyroidism, or hyperthyroidism
• •Diseases that may affect bone metabolism: alcoholism, chronic drug use, chronic gastrointestinal disease, renal or hepatic impairment
• •Chronic treatment with antacids, estrogen, adrenal or anabolic steroids, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, or pharmacologic doses of Vitamin A supplements 6 months prior
• •Diabetic patients on rosiglitazone or pioglitazone medications
• •high energy trauma, e.g., due to motor vehicle accidents
• •Pathological fractures of other origin, i.e., tumor, tumor-like lesions as well as focal demineralization visualized on radiographs
• •History of fluoride, bisphosphonate, calcitonin or tamoxifen use
• •History of unstable cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled hypertension
• •MRI contraindications
• •Body mass index greater than 35