Pain Responses in Patients on Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Subject has lost tactile sensation in the sites for QST testing (upper extremities)
• •2. Subject has scar tissue or acute injury in the skin areas for QST testing (upper extremities)
• •4. Subject had recent therapy that may influence QST results, e.g., neuroablative procedure involving upper extremities within six-months; peripheral neurolytic block within two-months; injection therapy for pain within four-weeks; sympathetic block within six months.
• •5. Subject has litigation pending relative to their chronic pain.
• •6. Subject has major psychiatric disorder (major depression disorder; bipolar disorder; schizophrenia; anxiety disorder; psychotic disorders; eating disorders; alcohol or drug dependence; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder); any known history of these conditions will exclude participation.
• •7. Subject has used illicit drugs within past 6 months.
• •8. Subject is pregnant