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Discover 11,125 clinical trials near San Antonio, Texas. Find research studies in your area.
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NCT01223196
Background: Pioglitazone has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory as well anti-atherosclerotic effects. However, the mechanisms by which pioglitazone exerts these effects are not clear. The investigators propose that Tissue Inhibitor of MetalloProteinase-3 (TIMP-3) and TNF-alfa converting enzyme (TACE) play a major role in pioglitazone mediated improvement in insulin sensitivity and endothelial function. In animal models, low dose pioglitazone inhibits lesion progression and matrix metalloproteinase expression in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. The investigators believe that a lower dose of Pioglitazone will also have anti-inflammatory effects. Aim: To examine the effect of low dose Pioglitazone (15mg/day) on TIMP and TACE in Pioglitazone mediated improvements in insulin sensitivity. Methods: Thirty subjects with T2DM will participate in following studies: (i) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); (ii) Dual energy absorptiometry(DXA) for body fat content, (iv) skeletal muscle biopsy. Subjects will be randomized to receive either placebo or pioglitazone for 24 weeks. The investigators will study the effect of Pioglitazone on (1) TIMP and TACE substrate activity in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, mononuclear cells, and their relationship to insulin sensitivity and vascular reactivity, other adipocytokines- resistin, TNF-α and Visfatin; (2) markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis- C-reactive protein, VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1), endothelin 1, E-selectin, P-selectin, TNFrecI (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I), TNFrecII (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II), IL-6 (Interleukin 6) receptor.
NCT00234039
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving gemcitabine directly into the bladder may kill more tumor cells. PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well gemcitabine works in treating patients with recurrent bladder cancer that has progressed despite previous Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).