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Discover 23,284 clinical trials near Maryland. Find research studies in your area.
Showing 17021-17040 of 23,284 trials
NCT01031563
Background: * Several studies of risk perception have demonstrated a common bias known as unrealistic optimism, in which individuals feel they are less likely than other people to experience unpleasant or harmful events in their lives, but more likely to experience pleasant or beneficial events. * Previous research has indicated that individuals with schizophrenia have less of a sense of unrealistic optimism about adverse events than individuals without schizophrenia. However, research on risk perception in schizophrenia is sparse, primarily reporting on behaviors and decisions in the laboratory that likely are influenced by risk perception. * Risk perception among substance users may be viewed in two separate categories: perception of vulnerability to adverse events and perception of vulnerability to negative outcomes associated with substance use. Research in both areas has yielded mixed results. Researchers are interested in studying the connections among schizophrenia, addiction, and risk perception in order to develop better drug use prevention and treatment programs for people with and without schizophrenia. Objectives: \- To compare unrealistic optimism bias in people with and without schizophrenia and/or drug dependence, and its association with actual risky behavior. Eligibility: * Individuals between 18 and 64 years of age who fall into one of the following study categories: * diagnoses of both drug dependence (marijuana or cocaine) and schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder * diagnosis of drug dependence only (marijuana or cocaine) * diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder only * healthy volunteers with no history of drug use or serious mental disorder Design: * The study will require a single visit to the research center for a 5- to 6-hour session. * Participants will complete questionnaires on medical and behavioral history, complete tests of thinking skills like memory and attention, complete a brief computerized decision-making task, and answer questions about risk perception. * Participants will also provide urine samples and breath carbon monoxide measurements to test for recent use of tobacco and other substances.
NCT00303225
This study will test an experimental antiviral drug called SIGA-246 for use against the smallpox virus (variola). Although smallpox has been universally eradicated, it could possibly be brought back as a bioweapon. In the event of a smallpox attack, it would be best to have an antiviral medication in addition to the smallpox vaccine. SIGA-246 has shown to have activity against other viruses from the same family (orthopoxvirus) that smallpox belongs to. Healthy volunteers who are 18-50 years of age and are not pregnant or breastfeeding may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, blood and urine tests, and an electrocardiogram. Participants are randomly assigned to receive a one-time dose of SIGA-246 (either 500 mg, 1000 mg, or 2000 mg) or a placebo (sugar pill) taken by mouth. They report to the clinic in the morning for the following procedures: * Insertion of intravenous (IV) line in the forearm. * Blood and urine tests before taking the study drug. * Drug administration within 30 minutes of eating a light breakfast. * Blood sampling from the IV line at 30 minutes and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5 and 6, 10 and 12 hours after taking SIGA-246 to determine how the drug is absorbed, distributed, broken down and excreted. Samples are also collected by needle stick at 24 and 48 hours for the same tests. * Electrocardiogram at 2 hours and 24 hours after taking SIGA-246. * 24-hour urine collection after taking the SIGA-246. * Complete diary card at home for 7 days after taking the SIGA-246. * Follow-up visits at about 2 weeks and about 4 weeks after taking SIGA-246. * Checks for health changes or problems at every visit.