RA is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, with recent evidence suggesting a differential risk according to targeted therapies. The biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. EVs are circulating nanovesicles involved in immune regulation and tumor progression, carrying proteins and nucleic acids that may reflect disease and treatment effects. This prospective monocentric observational study will include RA patients treated with JAK inhibitors, abatacept, anti-TNF, or anti-IL-6 therapies. A single additional blood sample will be collected during routine care. EV concentration will be measured, and their protein and miRNA content analyzed using omics approaches. Functional assays will assess the impact of EVs on bronchial epithelial and lung cancer cell lines.The study aims to identify EV-based biomarkers associated with specific treatments and potentially linked to lung cancer risk.
