Age ≥18 years at the time of the emergency department visit.
Presentation to a participating emergency department following a traumatic injury mechanism (motor vehicle collision, fall from height, assault, head injury/head trauma/head strike, struck by or against an object, facial injury or laceration, or other general trauma). Presentations may also include alcohol intoxication or syncope when associated with a suspected traumatic brain injury.
Evidence of potential head or brain injury, defined as (i) the head being struck by an object, (ii) the head striking a hard object or surface, (iii) exposure of the brain to significant acceleration/deceleration forces, or (iv) clinician documentation that the patient was evaluated for suspected traumatic brain injury.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13-15 at presentation.
Presentation to the emergency department within 24 hours of injury.
You may not be if
Planned computed tomography (CT) imaging of the maxillofacial bones, chest, abdomen, or pelvis during the ED encounter AND clinicians do not intend to avoid brain CT imaging even if the biomarker test is negative.
Current use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, including but not limited to: Warfarin, Factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., apixaban \[Eliquis\], rivaroxaban \[Xarelto\]), Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor.
Presentation \>24 hours after injury, due to the declining diagnostic sensitivity of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Ubiquitin Carboxy-terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) beyond this time window.
Clareo Health | The PIONEER Comparative Effectiveness Study - Project 2
