Cross-Regional Unmanned Aircraft Transport of Donor Lungs

The study will be conducted between the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in Nanning, the donor-lung transport origin, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Datansha Campus, the receiving and transplant center. The planned route is approximately 570 km. The study does not include a concurrent physical ground-transport arm. For each activated task, real-time estimated arrival times for ground transport will be obtained from two prespecified map platforms at the same origin, destination, and reference time. These estimates are an external task-level benchmark for transport efficiency and will not be interpreted as a randomized or parallel clinical control. Each formally activated task is the primary operational unit of analysis. A bilateral donor-lung shipment intended for one recipient is counted as one task. After clinical acceptance of the donor lung and confirmation of participant eligibility, the lung will undergo standard perfusion, cold preservation, triple sterile packaging, identity verification, and loading into a validated transport container. The unmanned aircraft will fly an approved route under continuous flight and environmental monitoring. A ground backup transport plan will remain available. If medical, weather, airspace, aircraft, communication, energy, or landing-site conditions become unacceptable, the task may be delayed, canceled, returned, diverted, or transferred to ground transport. All activated tasks, including tasks that do not take off or do not complete unmanned transport, will remain in the transport-task analysis set. The primary outcome is actual door-to-door donor-lung transport time, calculated in minutes from the time the lung exits the donor operating room (T1) to the time it enters the recipient operating room (T6). Key secondary outcomes include the proportion of activated tasks completed successfully, absolute and relative time gain versus contemporaneous ground-transport estimates, lung preservation and ischemic times, temperature stability, vibration and shock, pressure change, communication-link availability, packaging integrity, and donor-lung utilization. Recipients who undergo transplantation with a study-transported donor lung will be evaluated for primary graft dysfunction, perioperative complications, intensive care and hospital length of stay, graft survival, and participant survival through postoperative day 90. Donor-lung acceptance, recipient selection, transplantation, and postoperative treatment will follow routine clinical standards and will remain independent of study efficiency targets. Prespecified pause rules include any catastrophic transport event, loss or non-recovery of the donor lung, a clearly transport-related organ discard, a serious aviation accident, or a participant death considered clearly or highly likely related to the transport intervention.