Age

12–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Participants aged above or equal to 12 years at index date.
Participants with international classification of diseases (ICD-10) coded diagnosis or secondary criteria for either diabetes (type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes), overweight, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), cardiovascular disease (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease (including stroke and transient ischemic attack), atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation), chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia.
At least one healthcare encounter within 12 months prior to index date (pre-index) to ensure availability of baseline data.

A Retrospective Real-World Cohort Study