Age

55–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

1. Aged 55 years or older.
2. Diagnosed with schizophrenia by a board-certified psychiatrist.
3. Has completed at least elementary school education.
4. Has basic verbal communication ability and is able to understand and cooperate with study assessments and activities.
5. Has sufficient vision and hearing, as assessed by care staff, to participate in board game instructions and activities.
6. Is willing to participate in the study and provides written informed consent.

1. Has severe sensory impairment.
2. Has severe visual or hearing impairment that interferes with participation in the study activities.
3. Has experienced an acute exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms within the past 3 months.
4. Is currently receiving other cognitive training or participating in another research study.

Effectiveness of a Board Game Intervention on Cognitive and Functional Outcomes in Older Adults With Schizophrenia