As the Zambia National TB program adopts the pediatric short treatment regimen (STR) and scales to different levels of care with variable infrastructural and human resource capacity, it is crucial to evaluate the nature and quality of its implementation, the contextual factors that affect implementation as well as the treatment response of children initiated on STR. This evaluation will provide insights into programmatic strengths and weaknesses in relation to STR implementation, allowing for ongoing program optimization. By identifying implementation gaps, barriers, and facilitators, Zambia can refine its roll out strategies, enhance healthcare provider training and mentorship, and develop targeted interventions to improve the delivery of STR to children. Further, this evaluation will provide useful information on the potential differences between STR performance in research and under programmatic conditions and implications for its use in clinical practice.
