Age

18–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

All patients above 18 year diagnosed with schistozomiasis through history of exposure , serology , positive stool antigens ,Symmers' periportal fibrosis (the "clay pipe-stem" appearance) or Splenomegaly and suspected pulmonary hypertension through Probability Score" approach based on the 2022 ESC/ERS

All patients below 18 years old.
Left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction.
Significant left-sided valvular heart disease.
severe chronic lung disease such as, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ---- GOLD 4 and severe Interstitial lung disease (ILD).
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.
Congenital heart diseases.
Severe hepatic or renal impairment unrelated to schistosomiasis.
Hemodynamically unstable patients.
Poor echocardiographic window preventing adequate RV assessment.
Active infection or acute systemic illness.
Refusal to participate in the study.
Significant arrhythmias affecting hemodynamic assessment (e.g., uncontrolled atrial fibrillation).
Previous heart or lung transplantation.
Pregnancy.

Assessment of Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Arterial Coupling in Schistosomiasis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension