Dietary Approaches for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnancy, pregnancy planning, or breastfeeding
• •Forms of diabetes other than T1D, or T1D duration \< 1 year
• •Previous cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction or stroke), heart failure, unstable coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 30 mL/min/m², cirrhosis, or presence of active cancer
• •Unstable diabetes, episodes of glycemic decompensation (diabetic ketoacidosis) or severe hypoglycemia (level 3) within the past year.
• •Planned change in treatment during the study (switching from multiple daily insulin injections to continuous insulin infusion, or vice versa)
• •Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, GLP-1/GIP agonists, or other medications that may influence weight loss
• •Having experienced a change in body weight greater than 5% within the 3 months before screening
• •Following any form of diet prior to inclusion, carbohydrate restriction, or intermittent fasting
• •History of eating disorders or alcohol abuse
• •Inability to follow the dietary recommendations
• •Presence of other conditions that, in the investigator's judgment, may compromise participation in the study.