Age

50–70

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Patients diagnosed with emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Clinically stable COPD patients with no acute exacerbation within the previous 4-6 weeks.
Mild to moderate disease severity according to GOLD criteria.
Ability to participate safely in aerobic exercise training.
Medically stable and cleared by a physician for pulmonary rehabilitation.
Ability to understand and follow study instructions.

Acute COPD exacerbation or respiratory infection during the study period.
Severe cardiovascular diseases (e.g., unstable angina, uncontrolled hypertension, recent myocardial infarction).
Peripheral vascular disease or contraindications to blood flow restriction (BFR) training.
Severe musculoskeletal, neurological, or orthopedic disorders limiting exercise performance.
Cognitive impairment affecting cooperation or informed consent.
Participation in another structured rehabilitation program during the study period.
Severe hypoxemia requiring continuous oxygen therapy during exercise.
History of deep vein thrombosis or clotting disorders.

Improve Muscle Weakness in Patient With COPD