Jacek Kuźnicki, Professor

CONTACT

Lead Sponsor

International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw

Collaborators

Age

40 - 80 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

Yes

•Patients with suspected neurodegenerative parkinsonism in the course of PD or APS, defined according to the 2015 MDS criteria as bradykinesia accompanied by at least one additional symptom: rigidity and/or resting tremor.
•Age between 40 and 80 years. Written informed consent for participation in the study. Duration of parkinsonian symptoms shorter than 3 years. Abnormal dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaTscan) result confirming presynaptic dopaminergic neuronal degeneration.

•Active malignancy, infection, or autoimmune inflammatory disease. Severe systemic diseases, including advanced heart failure (New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] class III-IV), poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, renal failure with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m², or hepatic failure.
•Presence of a known monogenic mutation causing parkinsonism according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) classification.
•Antibiotic therapy or use of probiotics within 3 months prior to the study visit.
•Pregnancy or breastfeeding.