Age

18–any

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Age \>18 years
Presence of T2D and CKD stage G1-3a with albuminuria (\>10mg/mmol)
BMI≥ 25kg/m2 - Use of metformin on a stable dose (i.e. no changes in the last three months)
Adequate knowledge of the Dutch language to comprehend the provided study information
If incretin therapy is used, then subject must have used that for a minimum of 6 months before starting with the trial
Use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blokkers
Of white European Dutch or South-Asian Surinamese descent

Use of insulin
serum bicarbonate \< 20 mmol/L
Use of antibiotics 3 months before inclusion
Vegetarian diet - Presence of inflammatory bowel disease or other chronic inflammatory disease
Alcohol consumption of more than 14 units per week in women, or more than 21 units per week in men
Active malignancy - bariatric or other weight loss surgery in the history
patients diagnosed with eating disorders (such as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa or binge-eating disorder)
HbA1c \>9% (75mmol/mol) at screening
Unmotivated or not able to adhere to a specific diet
The subject is already currently involved in a clinical trial

Sweet & Sour: Dietary Acid Load in Type 2 Diabetes and Kidney Disease Across Sex and Ethnic Groups