Liver cirrhosis is associated with systemic hemodynamic disturbances, reduced effective circulating volume, and renal hypoperfusion, creating a high risk of renal dysfunction and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-a life-threatening condition reflecting the critical hepatorenal interaction. Patients with cirrhosis, Portal Hypertension Bleeding frequently have subclinical or overt renal impairment preoperatively. LSD is a standard intervention for Cirrhosis Patients With Portal Hypertension Bleeding, but perioperative stress, hemodynamic fluctuations, and surgical trauma may further compromise renal function, and LSD may improve kidney function in the long term. Current evidence lacks prospective, 2-year data on renal function changes after LS in this high-risk population, especially regarding the hepatorenal axis and long-term renal outcomes. This study aims to fill this gap to guide perioperative renal protection strategies.
