Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Postpartum Depression Among Mothers Visiting Postnatal and Immunization Clinics in Selected Public Health Institutions, Mekelle, Tigray

Exclusion Criteria

• •Women who had a serious illness that prevented participation.
• •Mothers who were unable to attend the selected facilities
• •Mothers who could not communicate effectively,
• •Mothers who had a documented history of severe mental disorders prior to pregnancy (e.g., bipolar disorder or schizophrenia),
• •Mothers who were actively using substances during the data collection period
• •Mothers who had refused to provide informed consent.