Pain Neuroscience Education Versus Kinesio Tape on Functional Outcomes in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Exclusion Criteria

• •Severe CTS characterised by significant thenar muscle atrophy or severe nerve conduction impairment.
• •Previous Surgery or Injection:
• •History of carpal tunnel release surgery or corticosteroid injection to the wrist within the past 6 months.
• •Presence of other conditions affecting the upper limb, such as cervical radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, tendon rupture, or fractures.
• •Known neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis) or systemic diseases affecting nerve function (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus).
• •Skin disease, open wounds, or known allergy to adhesive materials that contraindicate kinesio taping.
• •Pregnant women, due to possible changes in fluid retention and nerve compression.
• •Participation in other physical therapy or pain education programmes targeting the upper limbs during the study period.
• •Conditions that limit comprehension of pain neuroscience education material or ability to provide reliable responses to questionnaires.