Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Quality on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

Exclusion Criteria

• •Use of medications that affect blood glucose metabolism;
• •Familial hyperlipidemia, or use of drugs that affect lipid metabolism;
• •Long-term or current use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antihistamines, or immunomodulatory drugs, and unable to stop taking these drugs within 72 h before the start of the study;
• •Use of hormonal medications such as anticoagulants, anabolic steroids, and hydrocortisone;
• •Have a history of serious illness, or are in the acute stage of cardiovascular, renal, thyroid, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, immunologic, respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, psychiatric, infectious, and malignant diseases, and are receiving treatment or use of related drugs;
• •Self-reported weight gain or loss of more than 7 kg in the 6 months before enrollment;
• •Vegetarian;
• •Have food allergies or other problems that may affect food intake;
• •Unable to consume only the food and beverages provided in the study;
• •Drink alcohol more than 2 times per day, more than 14 times per week, and unwillingness to stop drinking during the study;
• •Participate in a weight-loss program;
• •Unwillingness to maintain weight throughout the study;
• •Females who have given birth within the past year, are pregnant or plan to become pregnant within 6 months, are breastfeeding;
• •Intend to participate in other dietary intervention studies and drug use studies in the next 4 months;
• •Poor venous blood access;
• •Any other that the physician assessed as unsuitable for the trial conditions.