Effect of Nursing Care Bundle Upon Perineal Trauma Reduction and Birth Outcomes During Vaginal Birth

Background: Perineal trauma during vaginal birth is a common maternal morbidity that may negatively affect postpartum recovery, pain, and overall birth outcomes. Evidence-based intrapartum nursing interventions, such as warm perineal compresses and manual perineal protection, have been suggested as effective strategies to reduce the severity of perineal trauma; however, their implementation as a structured nursing care bundle requires further evaluation. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing a nursing care bundle upon perineal trauma reduction and birth outcomes during vaginal birth. Design: A quasi-experimental design was employed. Setting: The study was conducted at the labor and delivery unit of the National Medical Institution in Damanhur, affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Population, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. A purposive sample of 80 primiparous women was recruited and equally divided into a study group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). The control group received routine hospital care, while the study group received the nursing care bundle during the second stage of labor. Tools: Data were collected using four tools: (I) Women's Labor Parameters Assessment Sheet, (II) Birth Outcome Record, (III) Perineal Trauma Observational Checklist, and (IV) Visual Analogue Scale for perineal pain assessment.