Validating the Speckle Tracking Methods on Soft Tissue Strain, Displacement, and Roles in Physical Therapy

Exclusion Criteria

• •Study 1
• •diagnosed with partial or full thickness tears of the UCL by arthrographic/ nonarthrographic MR techniques in past medical records
• •having a positive result in the "moving valgus stress test" screening24
• •unable to participate in regular baseball pitching training or absent from the competition during the March 2023 to March 2025 season
• •found to show suspicious signs, such as hypoechoic foci and calcification, which suggest UCL injury under ultrasound screening4
• •with a \<80% compliance rate in the eight-week BFRT
• •Study 2
• •The lower extremities have undergone surgical intervention
• •The lower extremities have a known history of nerve or vascular injury
• •The ankles and feet have known ligament tears
• •Fixed deformities of the foot joints
• •The patient has a known physical condition that would affect the conduct of the experiment
• •Study 3
• •Having any orthopedic condition that prevents them from participating in the competition, such as arthritis or knee pain
• •having a history of hamstring muscle strain in the knee within the past 3 months
• •having an attendance rate of less than 80% in the subsequent eight weeks of training