Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of a Theory-driven BALANCE Dietary Program Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

This study explores the effect of an individualized dietary intervention program based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) theory on improving health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including glycemic control, improvement in metabolic health indicators. The control group will implement a standardized diabetes management, including health guidance, WeChat group management, and supervision and management via a metabolic management center(MMC) mini-program. On the basis of the control group, the intervention group will implement a dietary intervention model based on the COM-B theory model and a TDF framework, including ① psychological capability education: intensified education on diabetes knowledge; ② physical capability education: intensified training in practical skills; ③ motivation management: action planning, behavior goal setting, reward mechanisms, and establishing role models; ④ support and supervision: empowerment management via a WeChat group, social support, problem solving, and guidance based on indicator monitoring on the clinician side of a health diet APP. We will observe dietary-related glycemic control, improvement in metabolic health indicators, as well as changes in dietary adherence, self-management ability, and self-efficacy.