Mandibular Stretching and 4-4-8 Breathing Exercises on Autonomic Nervous System Activity

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in regulating physiological and psychological responses. Breathing techniques and mandibular stretching exercises are non-invasive approaches that may influence autonomic nervous system activity and muscle tone through neuromuscular and respiratory mechanisms. However, the combined or individual effects of these interventions on autonomic regulation and psychological outcomes remain insufficiently investigated. This randomized controlled trial aims to examine the effects of mandibular stretching exercise and the 4-4-8 breathing exercise on autonomic nervous system activity, muscle tone, and psychological state in healthy university students. Participants will be randomly allocated to intervention groups according to the study protocol. Baseline and post-intervention measurements will be collected to evaluate changes in autonomic nervous system parameters, muscle tone, and psychological status. The findings of this study may contribute to understanding the potential benefits of simple non-pharmacological interventions such as mandibular stretching and breathing exercises in improving physiological regulation and psychological well-being.