Comparative Effects of Balance and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Older Adults

This is a 3-arm randomized comparative trial designed to evaluate the synergistic effects of respiratory and physical interventions in the geriatric population. Physiological changes due to aging, such as reduced inspiratory muscle pressure (MIP) and impaired postural control, are closely linked to increased mortality and fall risk. This study tests the hypothesis that combining IMT with balance training will yield superior outcomes compared to single-mode interventions. Methodology and Interventions: Participants will be allocated into three groups using block randomization to ensure gender balance (n=12 per group, total target n=36, accounting for a 20% potential attrition rate): Group 1 (IMT): Participants will perform 30 breaths twice daily using an IMT device for 8 weeks. Group 2 (Balance): Participants will attend 45-50 minute supervised balance training sessions, 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Group 3 (Combined): Participants will perform both the daily IMT protocol and the thrice-weekly balance sessions. Evaluation Criteria: Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. Primary outcomes include Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), core endurance tests, and single-leg stance balance. Data from participants who complete at least 70% of the training sessions will be included in the final analysis. The study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing functional independence and reducing fall risk in older adults.