Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Or Lingual Scraper Associated With Periodontal Treatment In The Reduction Of Halitosis.

Exclusion Criteria

• •The study excluded patients with a history of the following diseases:
• •otolaryngological, i.e., chronic tonsillitis (presence of tonsil plugs), chronic sinusitis, head and neck cancer
• •gastrointestinal, i.e., Helicobacter Pylori infection, esophageal diverticulitis, pyloric sphincter insufficiency, severe gastroesophageal reflux disease
• •pulmonary, i.e., bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung cancer - metabolic, i.e., diabetes, uremia, chronic renal failure, and liver disease as well as individuals taking pharmacotherapies such as antihistamines, steroids, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, alcohol consumers, smokers, and those suffering from severe obesity.
• •on antibiotic or antifungals treatment up to 1 month before the survey,
• •pregnant Additinaly indyviduals with local abnormalities were excluded: using a removable device, implant and/or prosthesis, with carious lesions, during orthodontic and/or orthopedic treatment, with hypersensitivity to the photosensitizer to be used.