Hidden Link Between Meatal Stenosis and Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Children

Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a prevalent pediatric condition characterized by involuntary urination during sleep in children aged five years or older who have never achieved consistent nighttime dryness. The prevalence of PNE decreases with age, affecting approximately 15% of five-year-old and decreasing to 1-2% by adolescence. Meatal stenosis, defined as the pathological narrowing of the urethral meatus, is an underexplored potential factor. This condition is known to cause obstructed urinary flow, incomplete bladder emptying, and increased bladder pressure, all of which may contribute to enuresis. The incidence of meatal stenosis is higher in circumcised males but can also occur in uncircumcised males and females due to inflammation, trauma, or infection