Clinically significant coagulation disorders (PT-INR \> 1.2).

Severe vascular diseases (e.g., peripheral arterial occlusion, microvascular heart disease).

Comorbidities inducing excessive bleeding (e.g., active urinary tract infection, liver cirrhosis).

Conditions affecting blood cell or platelet production (e.g., leukemia).

Known coagulation factor deficiencies (e.g., hemophilia)

Efficacy and Safety of VasoClip® vs. WeckClip® for Robotic Urologic Surgery