Age

13–40

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

Aged 13 to 40 years old, and
Undergo primary Bernese Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) for symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and
Opioid-naïve prior to operation, and
Capable of completing study procedures, including daily pain and medication diaries as well as weekly questionnaires.

Undergoing PAO revision or any concurrent major surgical procedure
History of opioid use, substance use disorders, or alcohol abuse
Those with cognitive or physical impairments that would interfere with providing their own consent and the completion of study-related tasks
Pregnant individuals or those planning to become pregnant during the study period

Open-label Placebo for Pain Management in Adolescents and Young Adults Undergoing Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy