Effect of Probiotics on Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

This trial was conducted as part of a Doctoral (PhD) thesis at the Department of Neurology, Cairo University The purpose of the trial was to evaluate the potential effects of probiotic supplementation on clinical and biological outcomes in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, in which immune dysregulation and gut microbiota imbalance may play a key role. Recent evidence suggests that probiotics could exert beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, potentially improving patient outcomes. In this randomized controlled study, patients with RRMS received either probiotic supplementation or standard therapy alone for a defined period. The primary outcomes included changes in fatigue quality of life, disability and depressive symptoms Secondary outcomes included alterations in inflammatory biomarkers such as cytokines and other immune mediators. The results of this study are expected to provide additional insights into the role of gut microbiota modulation as an adjunctive approach in the management of multiple sclerosis. No major protocol deviations occurred, and the study adhered to ethical standards approved by the local ethics committee.