1. Presence of synchronous distant metastases or other malignancies.

2. History of prior pelvic radiotherapy or major pelvic surgery.

3. Severe uncontrolled comorbidities (e.g., severe cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic or renal insufficiency).

4. Emergency surgery indication (e.g., bowel obstruction, perforation).

5. Pregnancy or breastfeeding.

6. Known allergy or contraindication to anesthesia or surgical materials used.

7. Participation in another interventional clinical trial within the last 3 months.

Reinforced Versus Conventional Anastomosis in Laparoscopic Low Rectal Cancer Resection: A Comparative Study