Inflammatory Biomarkers and Postoperative Delirium in Pediatric Circumcision

Exclusion Criteria

• •Children with a history of neurological or psychiatric disorders (e.g., epilepsy, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders).
• •Patients classified as ASA physical status III-IV.
• •Patients with incomplete preoperative laboratory data or with hematological or hormonal disorders that may affect inflammatory parameters.
• •Patients who develop excessive sedation after premedication or whose preoperative assessment cannot be completed.
• •Patients with protocol deviations during surgery or anesthesia (e.g., additional medications, prolonged surgical duration, or changes in procedure due to complications).
• •Patients whose parents or legal guardians do not provide consent or who decline participation.