Pathologically confirmed breast cancer prior to surgery
Sufficient glandular volume with a tumor-to-breast volume ratio ≤20%
A unifocal lesion confined to the glandular tissue
Clear desire for breast conservation and willingness to undergo R-BCS or E-BCS
No evidence of distant metastasis, no involvement of the skin or chest wall
Eligibility for standard postoperative radiotherapy
You may not be if
The presence of diffuse suspicious lesions or microcalcifications for which wide local resection was unlikely to achieve adequate negative margins or satisfactory aesthetic outcomes
Bilateral breast cancer or inflammatory breast cancer
After neoadjuvant therapy, requirement for additional concurrent surgical procedures
Inability to tolerate general anesthesia or undergo surgery
Contraindications to radiotherapy or a history of prior chest wall irradiation, pregnancy- or lactation-associated breast cancer
