Echo-Guided vs Fluoroscopy-Guided Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Aortic Stenosis（ECHO-TAVR）

Exclusion Criteria

• •1\. Imaging (ultrasound and/or CT and/or MRI) confirmed a lesion, thrombus or calculus in the left ventricle;
• •2\. Severe obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract;
• •3\. Severe right ventricular dysfunction;
• •4\. Acute myocardial infarction within 30 days before the surgery;
• •5\. Active endocarditis history within 180 days before the surgery;
• •6\. Inappropriate aortic root anatomy (such as combined aortic dissection, excessive aortic annulus, risk of coronary artery occlusion, etc.);
• •7\. Severe calcification and distortion of the surgical approach;
• •8\. Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 20%;
• •9\. Other cardiac diseases that require concurrent treatment (such as severe mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, etc.);
• •10\. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 90 days before the surgery;
• •11\. Liver cirrhosis or active liver disease;
• •12\. Renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance rate \< 30 mL/min) and/or undergoing renal replacement therapy;
• •13\. Unable to tolerate anticoagulation therapy during or after the surgery;
• •14\. Participating in other drug or device research;
• •15\. Any emergency or surgical operation within 30 days before the surgery;
• •16\. Other severe comorbidities, even if the valve stenosis is corrected, the expected life expectancy is less than 1 year;
• •17\. Other conditions deemed unsuitable for TAVR surgery by the cardiac team.