The objectives of the research are:
1. To quantify the incidence and severity of visual field defects in subjects with a recent cerebrovascular accident admitted to the hospital Neurology Unit
2. To evaluate the rate of spontaneous recovery of visual field defects during observation .
3. To test the effectiveness of an early and intensive visual rehabilitation intervention based on multisensory stimulation in reducing the severity of the aforementioned visual defect.
The research is planned to be conducted in Genova Italy and to include 300 patients.
In this study, the investigators will recruit acute post-stroke patients from the Neurology Unit of IRCCS Policlinico San Martino hospital. The study will use a wearable device (PalmScan VF2000) to assess the visual field defects. Those with significant visual field defects will be randomly assigned to either the visual rehabilitation group, receiving visual rehabilitation treatment integrated into their physical rehabilitation protocol, or the standard group. Inclusion criteria include: age between 18 and 90 years, post-stroke patients (excluding isolated cerebellar, brainstem, or spinal cord strokes), admitted to the Neurology Unit of the IRCCS Policlinico San Martino hospital, able to understand and sign the informed consent for study participation, and having mobility in at least one upper limb. Exclusion criteria include: cognitive impairment that limits understanding of the informed consent or testing, difficulty with both upper limb movements, presence of ocular comorbidity that could affect pre-ictal visual field assessment, presence of fluid aphasia, neglect or deviation of the head and gaze, impaired consciousness or delirium. Baseline assessments will be conducted at the Neurology Unit of the IRCCS Policlinico San Martino hospital.
After the baseline assessment, all participants diagnosed with visual field impairment will be assigned to the David Chiossone Foundation, with the option of being referred to a post-acute residential facility or undergoing outpatient treatment. Otherwise, patients requiring intensive care will be referred to another competent local center.
Participants will be randomly divided into two groups:
* one will receive an early visual rehabilitation protocol (experimental group), possibly supplemented with neuromotor rehabilitation, immediately after discharge from the Neurology Unit of the IRCCS Policlinico San Martino hospital, with a four-week intensive stimulation protocol. Visual rehabilitation will be administered with multisensory audiovisual stimulation (AvDesk) five days a week.
* another group will continue according to current clinical practice (control group), potentially receiving neuromotor rehabilitation until full recovery, and will have access to visual rehabilitation thereafter through the access procedures agreed with the Italian National Health Service.
After 8 weeks since they are dismissed by the hospital Neurology Unit, all patients (even those not receiving vision rehabilitation) will receive a follow-up visual field assessment using the wearable device at the David Chiossone Foundation - for the rehabilitation of blind, visually impaired, and frail people - Social Enterprise.
