Age

Any age

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

1. Patients aged 40 years or older.
2. Patients with a smoking history of 10 pack-years or more.
3. Patients willing and able to complete pulmonary function test, using a spirometer.
4. Patients who have provided written consent to participate in the study.
5. Patients attending cardiology clinics at the participating centers.
6. Patients willing and able to complete the CAAT questionnaire.

A. Patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma. B. Patients who used a bronchodilator for an acute respiratory infection before performing spirometry.

Study for Assessing the Prevalence of Airflow Limitation in Outpatients With History of Smoking Attending Cardiology Clinics