Therapeutic Efficacy of Nutritional Supplementation in Cachexia Associated With Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients experiencing acute exacerbations of COPD.
• •2. Patients with co-morbid chronic diseases that can also cause cachexia, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, heart failure, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis
• •3. Pregnant women and patients with abnormal liver and/or renal function tests.
• •4. Patients who have taken n-3 PUFAs, Vitamin D, or any intervention for cachexia in the past four weeks.
• •5. Patients on oral or parenteral corticosteroids for more than four weeks.
• •6. Patients with a history of allergies to fish-derived products, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), or Vitamin D.
• •7. Patients with a metabolic disorder that can lead to changes in body composition.