Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Brain Tumor Patients

Exclusion Criteria

• •• Preexisting ocular conditions affecting the optic nerve or globe integrity, such as glaucoma, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, or other optic nerve diseases.
• •* Combined ocular and optic nerve injuries at admission.
• •* History of cranial trauma, prior neurosurgery, or lumbar puncture performed within 2 weeks before the measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).
• •* History of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
• •* Serious complications that could affect life expectancy, such as hematological disorders or malignancies.
• •* Refusal to participate or withdrawal of consent at any stage.