A Prospective, Randomized Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy of Vancomycin Administered Through Intraarticular Injection Versus Intraosseous Injection Versus Intravenous Infusion in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Exclusion Criteria

• •previous surgery on the knee (with the exception of arthroscopy)
• •BMI \> 35
• •contraindication to receiving vancomycin, cefepime or cefazolin (ie, allergy, etc)
• •diabetics with A1c\>7.5% (unless controlled fructosamine)
• •immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients (HIV, Hepatitis C, end stage renal disease (ESRD), post transplant, chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 6 months of surgery, immunomodulating meducations)
• •no history of active infections
• •no history of chronic kidney disease