Effect of Virtual Reality on Cannulation-Related Procedural Pain, Distress and Comfort Level in Hemodialysis Patients

Background Virtual reality is a non-pharmacological method that reduces pain and distress and increases comfort by diverting a patient's attention. This allows individuals to gain self-control and relax during medical procedures. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of virtual reality on procedural pain, distress and comfort levels during cannulation in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This randomized controlled study included a total of 52 patients, who were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=26) or the control group (n=26). Patients in the intervention group received virtual reality glasses during the procedure in addition to standard routine care, while the control group received standard routine care only. Data were collected using a Descriptive Information Form, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Distress Thermometer (DT), and the Hemodialysis Comfort Scale. Statistical analysis was performed with the level of significance set at p\<0.05.