Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in Uganda

This phase II trial compares the effect of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) to conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) when given in combination with cisplatin and brachytherapy in patients with stage IB3, II, or III cervical cancer. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays, particles, or radioactive seeds to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. CFRT delivers the total dose of radiation over the amount of time according to standard practice. HFRT delivers higher doses of radiation therapy over a shorter period of time and may kill more tumor cells and have fewer side effects. HFRT shortens treatment duration and may reduce costs and may improve the completion rates. Cisplatin is in a class of medications known as platinum-containing compounds. It works by killing, stopping or slowing the growth of tumor cells. Brachytherapy, also known as internal radiation therapy, uses radioactive material placed directly into or near a tumor to kill tumor cells. HFRT may be safe, tolerable, and/or as effective as CFRT when given in combination with cisplatin and brachytherapy in treating patients with stage IB3, II or III cervical cancer.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To determine the safety, and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 16 fractions) compared to conventional fractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions) in women with locally advanced cervical cancer in Uganda. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: I. To compare the incidence of grade 3+ gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity at 1- and 2-years post-treatment with hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 16 fractions) and conventional fractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions) in women with cervical cancer in Uganda. II. To evaluate and compare local control and cervical cancer-specific survival rates at 1 and 2 year after hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 16 fractions) versus conventional radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions). III. To determine the association between stage-adjusted mean squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) at 1-month post-treatment with the progression-free survival at 1- and 2- years post-treatment with hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 16 fractions) or conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions). IV. To compare the costs of healthcare to patients with cervical cancer treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 16 fractions) versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions). V. To evaluate patient-reported outcomes and quality of life in patients with cervical cancer treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 16 fractions) versus conventional fractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions). OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms. ARM I (INTERVENTION): Patients undergo HFRT once daily (QD), Monday-Friday, for 5 fractions weekly for 16 fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Starting on day 1 of radiation therapy, patients receive cisplatin infusion over 1 hour once weekly (QW) during radiation therapy. Starting by week 4, patients may also undergo high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy twice weekly for a total of 4 doses. Patients ineligible for brachytherapy undergo a sequential external beam boost. Additionally, patients undergo computed tomography (CT) and blood sample collection throughout the study. ARM II (CONTROL): Patients undergo CFRT QD, Monday-Friday, for 5 fractions weekly for up to 25 fractions in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Starting on day 1 of radiation therapy, patients receive cisplatin infusion over 1 hour QW during radiation therapy. Starting by week 4, patients may also undergo HDR brachytherapy twice weekly for a total of 4 doses. Patients ineligible for brachytherapy undergo a sequential external beam boost. Additionally, patients undergo CT and blood sample collection throughout the study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30, 90, 180, 360, 540, and 720 days.