The Impact of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: A Target Trial Emulation Study

Exclusion Criteria

• •1、Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification ≥ Ⅳ (including Class Ⅳ);2、Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) postoperatively; 3、Patients with a preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease;4、Patients with diseases requiring hormone therapy for more than 7 days within 1 year prior to surgery; 5、Patients unable to communicate preoperatively (due to coma, severe dementia, or language/hearing impairment) and those with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \< 26;6、Patients with any cerebrovascular event within the past 3 years; 7、Patients who underwent general anesthesia surgery within the past 3 months.