Impact of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine on Sentinal Lymph Node Biopsy Dye and Tracer Uptake

In order to appropriately and adequately treat breast cancer, sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsies are used to characterize stage and spread of cancer cells. Isosulfan blue dye and radiotracers are used to identify and target the sentinel lymph node and, therefore the specific group of lymphatic vessels that are draining the breast cancer. In order to identify the sentinel node, lymphatic vessels must be draining properly to allow for dye or radiotracer to have adequate uptake within the lymphatic system. Lymphatic vessels themselves or the fascia surrounding lymphatic vessels can have innate or pathological dysfunction that can be improved by osteopathic manipulation of these structures allowing for more accurate node identification with blue dye and radiotracer. This study will look at the impact of osteopathic manipulation on fascia of the anterior chest wall as well as the lymphatic system draining the breast. We will compare the current standard of practice of breast massage after isosulfan blue dye and radiotracer injection to OMM + massage. Qualitative blue dye uptake in the sentinel lymph node as well as target values of radiotracer will be analyzed. Two main points of data will be collected in order to determine how well the axilla mapped for that operation. These data points are the amount of isosulfan blue dye uptake in the lymph nodes and the target values on the neoprobe that tell how much radio tracer made it to those lymph nodes. The more blue in color a lymph node is and the higher the target value on the neoprobe determines if a node is the sentinel node in a typical breast cancer operation. We will use those same end points to assess if we have better uptake of blue dye or radio tracer in the axilla with or without the addition of OMM. In order to quantify the amount of blue dye uptake in a node, each node removed during the procedure will be categorized under blue or not blue. For those nodes that are blue, they will be analyzed as falling under 100%, 75%, 50%, or 25% blue. Meaning if half of the node is blue and half is a normal tissue color, this node would count under the 50% blue category. All blue nodes are typically removed during a sentinel lymph node operation. The second endpoint is the target value. The neoprobe detects and quantifies the amount of the radiotracer that was previously injected. If a node uptakes the radiotracer, it will be detected with the neoprobe. In a typical sentinel node operation, the nodes with the most tracer signal are removed and the target value (10 second count of the amount of radiotracer) is obtained for that node. Any other node in the axilla that is 10% of that highest target value will also be removed as it has the chance of being the sentinel node. For example if the hottest node in the axilla has a target value of 15000 then any node that is detected to have a value of 1500 or higher via the neoprobe will be removed. All radioactive nodes that fall into this 10% rule will be removed as per the usual surgery protocol and a target value obtained for each node. These values will be recorded as a way to determine how effective the radiotracer uptake was in the axilla. Hypothesis: OMM + massage will have increased radiotracer target values and more isosulfan blue dye uptake in the sentinel lymph node compared to massage alone.