Bleeding Reduction in Grade II-III Haemorrhoids Through Embolization Treatment

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Minors and other vulnerable populations who may not be able to give informed consent freely or for whom participation is not essential to the study (incapacitated and unconscious individuals, persons deprived of liberty, pregnant and breastfeeding women, etc.);
• •2. Patients receiving HAE using a combination of coils and particles, particles only, or any other embolic agents;
• •3. Patients who have had previous surgical haemorrhoidectomy at any time or other treatments for haemorrhoids within 1 year before the planned HAE;
• •4. Patients with known perianal sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, peri-anal fistula, colorectal malignancy or pre-existing sphincter injury resulting in incontinence;
• •5. Patients with an immunodeficiency;
• •6. Known severe atheromatous disease with occlusion of target vessels preventing embolization;
• •7. Absolute contraindication to contrast media;
• •8. ECOG performance status \> 2;
• •9. Life expectancy \< 12 months;
• •10. Patients with unstable angina;
• •11. Patients currently taking nicorandil.