Cutaneous Biomarkers in Atopic Eczema Using a Non-Invasive Micro-Suction Device in Babies

Eczema is a skin condition that affects up to 20% of children worldwide, and its numbers are increasing. Our goal is to learn more about eczema by studying how immune signals in the skin differ between babies with eczema and those with healthy skin. To do this, investigators will gently use a non-invasive device to extract a tiny amount of fluid from the top layer of baby's skin(Interstitial Skin Fluid). By studying these samples, investigators want to compare the immune signals of healthy skin and skin affected by eczema. This research aims to deepen our understanding of why eczema causes inflammation and to identify the specific signals involved in this process, particularly in babies. A total of 30 babies will be recruited, of which 15 will be healthy and 15 have eczema. They will be invited to attend for one visit lasting 1-1.5 hours. During the study visit, clinical information such as demographics, medical history and co-morbidities as well as eczema treatments (where applicable) and other skin care practices will be collected. For babies that have eczema, an eczema area and severity index (EASI) assessment will be conducted. For all participants enrolled onto the study, Interstitial Skin Fluid (ISF) samples will be extracted from the skin using a painless, non-invasive device that is well-tolerated and will not cause any pain or skin damage to the baby. Samples for assessing the skin microbiome will be collected, including skin swabs and tape strips taken in a pain-free manner. Skin barrier function assessments such as Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) will also be performed helping us understand how well the baby's skin holds onto moisture. This is a painless and non-invasive device that doesn't cause any discomfort to the baby.