Fructose Intestinal Gluconeogenesis

Exclusion Criteria

• •Pregnancy or lactation within the past six months;
• •Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (including fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, HgbA1c ≥6.5%);
• •History of liver disease or AST and ALT 2x above the upper limit of normal;
• •Fasting triglyceride \> 300 mg/dl; total cholesterol levels above the 95th percentile for age and sex;
• •Hemoglobin (Hgb) \<12.5g/d or hematocrit\<3x Hgb value;
• •Report of HIV or hepatitis B or C infection;
• •History of cancer, other than basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma or kidney disease stage 3 or higher or patients currently on dialysis;
• •Use of any anti-diabetic medications or hypolipidemic agents in the past six months;
• •History of surgical procedure for obesity;
• •Change in body weight \>5% in the past six months (by self-report);
• •History of other conditions known to affect insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome), history of galactosemia, hereditary fructose intolerance, or who test positive for fructose malabsorption at screening;
• •Known intolerance to acetaminophen.