Biopsychosocial Factors and Muscle Morphology After a Resistance Exercise

Exclusion Criteria

• •History of spinal surgery, fusion, or fracture within the past 6 months
• •diagnosed degenerative disc disease, scoliosis, or spinal pathology that precludes safe exercise participation
• •use of an assistive device for walking (cane, walker) within the past year
• •pregnancy, due to contraindications for exercise testing and ultrasound -body weight ≥ 300 lbs., which exceeds the safe capacity of the Roman chair --
• •current tobacco/nicotine use
• •current enrollment in physical therapy or structured rehabilitation for LBP,
• •cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, or systemic disease that increases risk during exercise
• •nociplastic pain conditions (e.g., fibromyalgia) or neurological conditions that confound EIH responses
• •inability to complete ≥ 8 Roman chair repetitions with proper form during screening
• •non-English speaking