Comparison of Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy and Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy for the Treatment of Unilateral Upper Ureteral Stone

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with a history of ipsilateral ureteric surgeries, previous open abdominal surgeries, bleeding disorders and pregnancy.
• •Before surgery, patients had a positive urine culture, fever (37.60c) and leukocytosis \> 12.000 per microliter.
• •Patients having solitary kidney and co-morbidities e.g., cardiovascular, Liver, respiratory illnesses, or serum creatinine \>1.5 mg/dl.
• •Horseshoe kidneys, pelvic kidneys, pyonephrosis, ureteropelvic junction blockage, and ureteral stricture.
• •Patients with unsuitable for general anesthesia.