Mindful-Breath for People With COPD

Inclusion Criteria

• •Age: 50-80 years
• •Sex: Male or female
• •Education level: Primary or above
• •Diagnosis: COPD (Baseline FEV1 \<80% and FEV1/FVC \<70% of predicted normal values)
• •Severity of COPD: Stage I to IV
• •Group of COPD: Group B, or E, based on 2024 GOLD guideline (36)
• •Clinical stability: No acute exacerbation in the past 4 weeks. Patients with recent acute exacerbation in the past 4 weeks will be screened again in subsequent follow-up.
• •Moderate stress: PSS score ≥14 (28)
• •Access to a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, or laptop) with internet connectivity
• •Ability to read, communicate, and provide written consent in Chinese.